CentOS6.x 下 LNMP环境搭建（一、安装 MySQL）

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1. 创建用户

# groupadd mysql# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql

    ---- 检查 ----

    # tail -1 /etc/passwd

    mysql:x:501:501::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin

    # id mysql

    uid=501(mysql) gid=501(mysql) groups=501(mysql)

    ---- 检查 ----

注：也可以用一条命令代替【useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M】

2. 解压、配置

# cd /root/src# tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.50-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz# mv mysql-5.5.50-linux2.6-x86_64 /lnmp/server/mysql-5.5.50 && cd /lnmp/server# ls -l# ln -s /lnmp/server/mysql-5.5.50/ mysql# ls -l# cd mysql# ls -l support-files/*.cnf    <------- 查看所有配置样例# /bin/cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf    <------- /bin/cp 直接覆盖重名文件，不提示

3. 初始化数据（是否需要单独挂一个目录？根据需要）

# mkdir -p /data/mysql# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/lnmp/server/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql...Installing MySQL system tables...160529 18:23:19 [Note] /lnmp/server/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.50) starting as process 33182 ...OKFilling help tables...160529 18:23:20 [Note] /lnmp/server/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.50) starting as process 33189 ...OKTo start mysqld at boot time you have to copysupport-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system...

注：如上出现两个ok，标识初始化成功；否则失败，需解决初始化错误

4. 修改设置并启动服务

# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/lnmp/server/mysql#g' /lnmp/server/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /etc/init.d/mysqld    <------- 替换二进制包的默认MySQL安装路径# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld    <------- 修改 basedir 和 datadir，如下basedir=/lnmp/server/mysqldatadir=/data/mysql# /etc/init.d/mysqld start  <------- 启动服务Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!检查 3306 是否启动：# netstat -tlunp|grep mysqltcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306     0.0.0.0:*      LISTEN      33457/mysqld

5. 设置开机自启动

# chkconfig --add mysqld# chkconfig mysqld on# chkconfig --list|grep mysqldmysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

6. 配置MySQL命令全局使用

# echo 'export PATH=/lnmp/server/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile# tail -1 /etc/profile  <------- 检查写入文件export PATH=/lnmp/server/mysql/bin:$PATH# source /etc/profile   <------- 使修改马上生效# echo $PATH    <------- 检查最终设置结果/lnmp/server/mysql/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/whoru/bin

7. 登录测试，更改默认管理员密码

# mysql     <------- 输入 mysql 可以直接登录，安装好后默认密码为空Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g......Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>quit;     <------- 退出 mysql 命令行# mysqladmin -u root password 'whoru123'    <------- 修改 root 默认的空密码# mysqlERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)# mysql -uroot -p   <------- 必须使用用户名和密码登录Enter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g......mysql>

8. 清理没有用的用户及库

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;+------+-----------+| user | host      |+------+-----------+| root | 127.0.0.1 || root | ::1       ||      | localhost || root | localhost ||      | web1      || root | web1      |+------+-----------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> drop user "root"@"::1";Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> drop user ""@"localhost";Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> drop user ""@"web1";Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> drop user "root"@"web1";Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;+------+-----------+| user | host      |+------+-----------+| root | 127.0.0.1 || root | localhost |+------+-----------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> flush privileges;    <------- 清除缓存Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)